Unemployment research Essay Example for Free

Unemployment research Essay Unemployment From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Unemployment (or Joblessness), as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without Jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks. [2] The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labour force. In a 2011 news story, BusinessWeek reported, More than 200 million people globally are out of work, a record high, as almost two-thirds of advanced economies and half of eveloping countries are experiencing a slowdown in employment growth, the group There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, neoclassical economics and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. citation needed] These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labour market from the outside, such as unionization, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers. Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical ature of unemployment and recommends interventions it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions. This theory focuses on recurrent supply shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers. Keynesian models recommend government interventions designed to increase demand for workers; these can include financial stimuli, publicly funded Job creation, and expansionist monetary policies. Georgists, half a century before Keynes, also noted the cyclical nature but focused on the role of speculation in land which pushes up economic rent. Because rent must be paid mostly from wages (yield of labor) but also from interest (yield of capital), economic activity cannot be sustained in the rent bubble, which finally burst resulting in recessions or depressions. Once the speculation is wrung out of system the cycle of land speculation begins again. [4] Henry George therefore advocated the taxation of land values (Single Tax) to stop land speculation and in order to eliminate taxation of labor and capital. George opposed land nationalization and Marxs theories. Marxism focuses on the relations between the owners and the workers, whom, it claims, the wners pit against one another in a constant struggle for Jobs and higher wages. The unemployment produced by this struggle is said to benefit the system by reducing wage costs for the owners. For Marxists the causes of and solutions to unemployment require abolishing capitalism and shifting to socialism or communism. In addition to these three comprehensive theories of unemployment, there are a few categorizations of unemployment that are used to more precisely model the effects of unemployment within the economic system. The main types of unemployment include structural unemployment which focuses on structural problems in the conomy and inefficiencies inherent in labour markets including a mismatch between the supply and demand ot laborers witn necessary skill sets . Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive technologies and globalization. Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on each individuals valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates plus the time and effort required to find a Job. Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address barriers to entry and wage rates. Behavioral economists highlight individual biases in decision making and often nvolve problems and solutions concerning sticky wages and efficiency wages.

college :: essays research papers

My First Year at Lewis My college experience started about two years ago. I knew it was not going to be easy, but I was unsure of what was ahead of me. The one word that describes the feelings I first had during my first year at Lewis is responsibility, which I experienced academically, socially and even economically. My college experience was not like any other college student would describe it. Most college students say that you have a lot of time on your hands because classes are so spread out, but things did not go this way for me. Aviation Maintenance at Lewis University has a different way of doing things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  everybody knows that college is academically a step higher than high school. I grew more responsible academically because my classes where very straight to the point, and the teachers spoke with great knowledge. Aviation Maintenance has a different schedule here at Lewis University. For me that meant 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. classes with one hour break. I had to keep up with tests and homework in very short periods. It took a lot of responsibility for me to accomplish this. I felt I had to change many things in my life. I had to get more sleep, finish homework fast, and make time to study for tests. Everybody in my class felt the same pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also grew more responsible socially as I met more friends and became more acquainted with them. My classmates felt the same tough schedule for Aviation Maintenance as well. Everyday we had â€Å"shop† class from 1:00 p.m. until 5:00 p.m. This meant we had to get along in order to get work done. Shop classes where very interesting and involved a lot of hands on and group work. Responsibility becomes a big roll in helping each other and accomplishing our tasks especially when it comes to these classes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, I became more responsible economically as I commuted to school every morning and felt the pressure of keeping a close budget. My first class was at 8:00 a.m., which meant getting up at 6:00 a.m. and leaving at 6:30 a.m. Sleep became a necessity, while at the same time getting studies done was also necessary. Time was an issue that had to be controlled well and this became hard for me because time was never an issue before.

Hawaii Watersports Essay

With the white sandy beaches and crystal clear water Hawaii is the ideal place for ocean water sports. There are a wide range of water sports, from highly aggressive to leisurely sports that all types of people can enjoy. There are even sports which are specific only to the exotic islands encompassing this magnificent state. Taking a look at each individual sport will excite and possible mystify the sports enthusiast. Today we will take a look at sea kayaking, kite boarding, surfing, windsurfing, sailing, and scuba diving. Sea kayaking is an exhilarating and physically challenging sport. One must be sure to have the proper equipment and technique before heading out into the salty blue. It is said that kayakers ‘wear their kayaks’ and selecting a proper sea kayak, one that fits comfortably to your body type, can be a difficult task. First make sure that you fit comfortable in the pit. It should be snug, but not tight. If it is loose it may be difficult to maneuver. Kayaking is relaxing and comfortable sport especially around the islands. There are many ecological kayaking tours offered throughout Hawaii that will take you places and show you some of the amazing creatures and sites of the islands. Kite boarding is a new age surface water sport that is trendy among young people. Kite boarding is very similar to wakeboarding with the exception that the board is controlling their own movements with a kite, fully equipped with handle, instead of being pulled by a boat. Kite boarding is an extreme sport combining balance and coordination with the unique technique of keeping a kite in the air. Kite boarders have an unrivaled experience as they let the wind control their moves and can sometimes reach heights of 30 feet, and if they skilled and adventurous they may be able to do flips and other stunts before smoothly returning to the ocean. It is recommended that the new kite boarder takes a few lessons to learn proper techniques before venturing out on a kite boarding adventure. Surfing is a timeless and classic sport. Surfing like kite boarding is a surface water sport where the participant rides waves while balancing on a surf board. Surfing can actually be broken into many categories including body boarding, windsurfing, and body surfing. Body boarding is best described by using your body to ride a foam board over waves. Windsurfing uses both aspects of surfing and sailing. A windsurf board is a surf board with a sail attached. The windsurfer steers themselves with the sail and rides the wave as a surfer would. Body surfing is actually what the name implies, using one’s body to ride the waves. Body surfers are usually equipped with nothing by swim fins to take on the task of riding the breaking waves. Sailing is a leisurely recreation sport in which a person, or group of people, steer a ship or sail boat using sails. Sail boats move forward because of the inertia caused when the wind is caught in the sail. Sailing is a technical sport and the proper skills must be learned before heading out to sea. Scuba diving is another popular sport among the islands. Scuba requires a certification because of the danger involved. There are many short certification courses for tourists to partake in. These courses cover the essentials and make time for some short open water dives were the scuba can explore the exotic world on ocean water. Hawaii is an exotic place with many things to offer the adventurer or sports enthusiast. It is important to learn the techniques of the sports one wishes to indulge themselves in to ensure a safe and happy stay on the islands.

Under What Conditions (If Ever) Should States Become...

INTRODUCTION: It has previously been held that, the States should not interfere with the domestic political affairs of other countries, since all sovereign states should have complete control of their own citizenry, free from outside interference. This is in line with the Policy Agenda of the U.S. Department of State which states that the goals of the foreign policy are â€Å"to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community† (Kissinger 2001, p4) The foreign policy of the United States is the guiding principle for which the United States interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its corporations, and even its citizens. However,†¦show more content†¦(Hrea.org p132). It is in every essence different from humanitarian aid which is provided by non-governmental organizations such as Red Cross. Humanitarian aid attempts to find a way around political affiliations. For humanitarian intervention, use of military force is a central feature, though it has fundamental values that support it such as justice, state sovereignty, world order and politics. Moreover, the principles that govern humanitarian intervention are just cause, proportionality, last resort, good over harm, right intention and reasonable prospect. However, humanitarian intervention is not the only means by which a nation could get involved in other nations’ politics. There’s always room for diplomacy. Diplomacy could come in the form of material incentives. These are threats of punishment to non-cooperation, swell as rewards for cooperation. There’s also imposition of third party preferred outcomes. However the challenge with such strategies is that only strong states have the wherewithal to make significant material offers and threats and the parties directly involved in a conflict often care more about its outcome than third-party states care about ending it, so the credibility of such threats and offers is often in doubt. (Kydd, p104) Such states are inclusive of the United States, which is currently the world’s most powerful nation. Two concepts of sovereignty National Sovereignty is the absolute andShow MoreRelatedGermany s Defeat During World War II Essay2452 Words   |  10 PagesIn the year 1945 as a consequence of Nazi Germany’s defeat in World War II the country was forcibly split between four powers the Soviets in the East and Allies of the West in a period known as the division of Germany. The country was stripped of its many spoils of war and lost all of its territories in the east. 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